Financial ratios have a role or function that is very important in running a business or a business. Here are the roles or functions: 1. Knowing the Corporate PerformanceBy using financial ratios, businessmen or entrepreneurs can find out
if a business / her business has increased or decreased performance by
comparing the ratio - the company's financial ratios from the previous
year.
2. Assist the Management of Planning for the FutureWith the calculation and analysis of financial ratios of the company
can help management understand its performance so it can be used as a
reference by management to make decisions or policy of the company to
correct or improve the performance of companies in the future, such as:
a. Liquidity RatioThe aim of the Liquidity Ratio analysis is to determine whether the
company has sufficient funds as well as the company's ability to pay
obligations - the obligations that must be met.Thus, through this ratio, the company can make a decision everything
related to whether the funds are now fairly liquid / quite smoothly or
require other development policy in order to increase the liquidity of
the company.
b. Profitability RatiosThe purpose of the analysis of this ratio is a measure of the
efficiency of the activity of the company and the company's ability to
earn a profit. Thus,
through this ratio, the company can determine whether a policy or
strategy that has run the company today is quite maximal or not. Is enough profit obtained optimal or not, or whether there are costs -
other costs can still be minimized, for later use by the company's
management to set development policy for the foreseeable future.
c. Leverage ratiosThe purpose of this ratio analysis of which is to determine the
position of the company against liabilities to other parties and the
company's ability to fulfill its obligations.Thus, through this ratio the company can decide whether future company
needs or do not find an investor or creditor and whether the company
still has the ability to pay it off.
d. Activity RatiosThe purpose of ratio analysis is to determine the ability of the
company to run its business activities such as knowing whether the
activity in controlling receivable has a maximum or not, and whether the
inventory management has a maximum or notThus, through this ratio, the company can determine whether the
activities undertaken by the company's operations is maximal or not.
From
the explanation of brief above, we can conclude that from the Financial
Ratios as a tool or tools in measuring the company's finances, we can
mengethaui condition of fusngsi - the function of the company's
strategic and very important perananannya in determining the
policy-making company is good for the present or the future of the
company ,
In managing the daily business, entrepreneurs must have issued a number of funds to finance daily business activities. Generally, these funds are used as means of payment daily routine. The funds are very liquid because of fast accruing, we can call it petty cash or known as petty cash. Petty cash is a small number of funds provided in the form of cash and devoted to routine costs. Because the shape of cash, it is susceptible to fraud. We recommend that businesses make this a separate post petty cash by post, this post so as not to interfere with other funding that has been set, for example, so as not to disrupt the capital. What types of transactions that can be inserted into the petty cash this post? Usually to meet daily needs, business leaders require spending that is not so great. Items that are included into the petty cash expenditure is dependent on the business needs of everyday life, for example, to spend entertaining guests, buy stationery, printer ink filling, pay for parking, buy petrol, bought the stamp duty and so forth. Transactions through petty cash expenditures can be managed out of her by the assistant treasurer and secretary. Then the obligations of petty cash expenditures are in addition set also records all incoming and outgoing expenses with specialized books petty cash. How do I make this post petty cash? There are several steps that can be used in managing the petty cash is to run in accordance with its function. Among them are the following The first step Business leaders need to establish at the beginning, what funds need to be prepared for this petty cash. Of course, the amount varies according to the needs of the daily activities of their respective businesses. For example, from a nominal 500,000 - 3,000,000 rupiah rupiah to daiatas. The second step. Make a deal, a transaction on any item that will be dibiayayai by this petty cash. After that proceed to create guidelines and procedures (eg manual) so that transaction made clear its use. In this case the restriction also costs spent on certain items may apply. Third step. Train operator (in this case could be an assistant, secretary or anyone who has been appointed) as holders of petty cash, if they do not understand the function and importance of this petty cash. Surely this is influential in making spending decisions that will be issued. Not too stiff but not too loose. The fourth step. All transactions that occur or spend necessary records and try to be flexible to recharge. All transactions in the petty cash must have specific documentation petty cash records. Any transactions, there definitely has a receipt or proof of payment such as slip rates, the evidence is also included to be documented. When business leaders will be to audit internally then it is necessary as a form of accountability. ATM account opened specifically for this petty cash, be more easily managed, does not mix with other accounts that are not routine. This account will your game directly by operators. Because of its liquid and quickly out spent, then the operator can refill as needed after the approval of the financial sector. The fifth step Petty cash deposit can be made by the operator, this can be done by saving them into a cashbox that had been locked or drawer that is not accessible any person other than the operator. The sixth step When the monthly reconciliation, the expenditure can be audited. If the evaluation of the change needs to do the next decision. Everything will be recorded and entered into the accounting ledger. Simulation manage petty cash Petty cash management can be done in two ways, namely imprest fund system and Fluctuation fund system. Imprest fund system is a funding system that is fixed at the beginning of the month or week. For example on the imprest fund system, each week prepared a fund of 2,000,000 rupiah for petty cash. It turned out that only expenses 1,500,000 so there are still 500,000 - as the rest of his balance, then the next week the fund needs to be added is 1,500,000, - rupiah so that the funds available are 2,000,000 rupiah back. This system is more main practice. As for Fluctuation fund system is a funding system that is not fixed. So the shortage will soon be added if necessary, any transaction that is subsequently listed. There is no set amount of initial funding.
There are three types of customers that you will frequently encounter. Each has different interests of a product and may be interested in the product at different times in a sales cycle.Depending on sales, they may be played by one person or a different person. In general, the greater the sales, the greater the company were sold, which is usually done by different people. Does not rule out also by a group of people from a particular section. If you see a case like this, you need a persuasive communication.# 1 Type FinancierThey are interested in products that were first offered to ensure the company does not provide a very high price. However, most of them are also involved in the purchase decision stages. They also play a major role in the negotiations.Their main concern is cost, so do not try to explain the greatness of the product.Tools for financier is the supply and price list of competitors, along
with a comparative study of "independent" that shows "best value".Sell the financier by showing you a low cost compared to competitors. If the high production cost, show a low cost of ownership over the life of the product. You must also demonstrate how to buy your product, can save money and increase their profits.# 2 Type ExpertWhen people buy something that is not well understood, they require a skilled person to give his opinion.Experts need support use in buying products, so make sure what they
get support from your company, from telephone technical services to the
delivery of spare parts.When dealing with an expert, you have a great opportunity to demonstrate the benefits of the product. They will be interested in the technical features, which may, in practice, no significant use. If you get them, they could be the biggest asset.# 3Tipe UserIn large companies, namely those that require the user to decide on a winding road that big purchase. Computer users, for example, rarely determine the specifications of the computers they use.When selling to the user type, focus on how your product can solve their problems. Understand their difficulties, both from the application and how other products are not entirely helpful. Standard sales methods used to menggerakakn them at a profit, etc. features.Users are usually very busy, and learn to use the new product is important. They are also sensitive to the problems that limit the product. When a product fails, the warranty and support offered will not make them interested.
There are many ways for you to assess customer and personality, including preferences and their trust in someone. Here is a general personality:# 1 Type ChildrenSome consumers are innocent, trusting, and open, like children, and will believe anything you say. They are food for the sales that take advantage of her innocence.This type of play the game parent-child and look for the Protection of
parents to keep and provide direction what they do, so do such things.For sales people who have principles, the task of maintaining required
here, where they will sell something to the person if the seller is
very confident the products will be very helpful.# 2 Type JudgesJudge types are very suspicious of any person, be sure that everyone is basically selfish. They will never believe in what you say. However, you still try to sell them. They will judge you by their own values to a high standard (although not all Judges follow their rules).They will say what they think and be happy telling than listening.They also have to read the whole case before making a decision.They will choose based on an independent reality that they find, for example, review magazine.# 3 Type NegotiatorsType Negotiators are looking for ways to beat you, regardless of how good your offer. They will continue to ask for more to be sure has got it all.Good negotiator will ask lots of questions and listen carefully before they raised the question of price. And then they will surprise you by saying how they can understand you.Playing with negotiators, slowly letting them beat you in elected positions. Then make it clear that you can not go any further and move closer.# 4 Type Bargain-HunterThis type is driven by value. There are several aspects of the negotiators inside, but they are also happy to make impulsive decisions. Overcome Bargain-hunter like Negotiator, although you can get a much smaller concessions. The key is Bargain-hunters believe they receive an offer, so focus on this aspect.# 5 Adult TypeCustomers with this type of know what they want and do not want to play around. They do not negotiate.They will say his desire and hope you give the best price.At first they seem like Negotiator when asking things in detail, but they did not attempt to negotiate. They will listen, ask the price and decide.
